Codependency

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Codependency is a controversial and possibly pseudoscientific concept that refers to the type of dysfunctional relief relation in which one person supports or enables another's drug addiction, alcoholism, gambling addiction, poor mental health, immaturity, irresponsibility, or under-achievement. Among the core characteristics of codependency, the most common theme is excessive dependence on others to gain approval and sense of identity. Given its origin, the precise definition of natural dependence varies by source but can generally be characterized as subclinical and situational or episodic behavior similar to that of dependent personality disorder. In its broadest definition, a codependent is a person who can not function from themselves and whose thoughts and behaviors are organized around others, or even a process, or substance. In this context, people who are addicted to a substance, such as drugs, or a process, such as gambling or sex, can also be considered codependent. In the most narrow definition, it takes one person for physical or psychological addiction, such as heroin, and the second person is psychologically dependent on that behavior. Some users of the concept of codependency use the word as an alternative to using the concept of dysfunctional families, without statements that classify it as a disease.

Video Codependency

History

According to disability study specialist Lennard J. Davis, historically, the concept of interdependence "comes directly from Alcoholics Anonymous, part of the realization of dawn that the problem is not just addicts, but also families and friends who form networks for alcoholics." " the actual diagnosis, the term "codependent" was first used to describe how individual family members with substance abuse problems may actually interfere with recovery with too much help. " It was later expanded to cover the way "that people dependent on others are fixated on others for approval, sustenance, and so on." The concept of codependency overlaps with, but is developed in the mainstream independently of the older, psychoanalytic concept of passive-dependent personality that attaches itself to a stronger personality. "Dependence" is largely determined in the psychological literature. While the beginning of psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the oral character and the basic structural dependence, social learning theory is considered a tendency to be gained by learning and experience, and the theory of the attachment of etology suggests that attachment or affective bonding is the basis for dependence. All three theories have contributed to the concept of dependent personality disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association. The definitions and criteria have changed in different versions of DSM. In DSM-I, the personality of passive dependence is characterized by helplessness, rejection, and doubt, and is considered a subtype of passive, aggressive personality. With DSM-IV, there are nine criteria with important features of pervasive or lifelong patterns of dependent and obedient behavior. The DSM-IV definition emphasizes the excessive need to be guarded, leading to subservient and inherent behavior and fear of separation.

The codependency movement may be rooted in German psychoanalyst theory Karen Horney. In 1941, he proposed that some people adopt what he calls the "Moving Towards" personality style to overcome their basic anxieties. Basically, these people move toward others by gaining their approval and affection, and unconsciously controlling them through their dependency style. They are selfless, virtuous, martyred, faithful, and twisted the other cheeks despite being personally humiliated. Consent from others is more important than self-respect. Al-Anon was formed in 1951, 16 years after Alcoholics Anonymous was founded. Al-Anon holds the view that alcoholism is a family disease and is one of the earliest acknowledgments of codependency.

The expansion of the meaning of codependency occurs very openly. Janet G. Woititz's Adult Children of Alcoholics came out in 1983 and sold two million copies while on the New York Times bestseller list for forty-eight weeks. Robin Norwood's Many Loving Wives , 1985, sold two and a half million copies and spawned a group of Twelve Steps across the country for women "addicted" to men. Melody Beattie popularized the concept of codependency in 1986 with the book Codependent No More which sold eight million copies. In 1986, Timmen Cermak, M.D. write Diagnose and Treat Dependency: A Guide for Professionals . In books and articles published in the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (Volume 18, Issue 1, 1986), Cermak argues (unsuccessfully) for the inclusion of codependency as a separate personality disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987). Cermak's book paved the way for a twelve-step launch program, called Co-Dependents Anonymous. The first Anonymous Co-Dependents meeting was held October 22, 1986.

The mainstream psychology scientists question the validity of the linkage construct as a pseudoscientific "psychobabble" form, and its scientific status is uncertain.

Maps Codependency

Symptoms and behavior

Stability does not refer to any caring behavior, but only excessively to an unhealthy level. One difference is that healthy empathy and nurturing are motivated by conscious choices; whereas for codependents, their actions are compulsive, and they are usually incapable of weighing the consequences of them or their own needs that they sacrifice. Some intellectuals and care providers feel that independence is an overwhelming responsibility and that excessive responsibility needs to be understood as a false positive impulse. Responsibility for relationships with others needs to co-exist with responsibility to oneself.

Dependence on self has been called the illness of the lost self. The codependent relationship is characterized by problems of intimacy, dependency, control (including maintenance) of rejection, communication and dysfunctional boundaries, and high reactivity. Often, there is an imbalance, so one misuses or controls or supports or enables another's addiction, poor mental health, immaturity, irresponsibility, or lack of achievement. Some codependents often find themselves in relationships where their main roles are saviors, supporters, and beliefs. This type of helper often relies on the function of others who are less able to meet their own emotional needs. Many codependents place a lower priority on their own needs, while being too preoccupied with the needs of others. Compliance can occur in all kinds of relationships, including family relationships, work, friendships, and also romantic relationships, colleagues or the community.

Symptoms of codependence are often quoted are:

• intense and unstable interpersonal relationships
• an inability to tolerate alone, accompanied by panic attempts to avoid being alone
• chronic boredom and emptiness
• subdue their own needs to the people with whom someone is involved
• Incredible desire for acceptance and affection
• perfectionism
• over-controlling
• external reference
• dishonesty and disapproval
• manipulation
• less believe
• low self esteem.

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Pattern and characteristics

Compliance can occur in all kinds of relationships, including family relationships, work, friendships, and also romantic relationships, colleagues or the community.

Enanhed romantic relationship

In a codependent relationship, the meaning of a colleague's goal is based on an extreme sacrifice to satisfy the needs of one's partner. The codependent relationship signifies an unhealthy level of "clinginess," in which one person has no independence or autonomy. One or both parties rely on their loved ones for satisfaction.

The most problematic couples include:

Personality disorder and couples codependent

• Borderline personality disorder . There is a tendency for loved ones of people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) to enter into "caregiver" roles, giving priority and focus to problems in people's lives with BPD rather than problems in their own lives. Too often in this kind of relationship, codependent will gain a sense of worth by being "sane" or "responsible".

• Narcissistic personality disorder . Codependents of narcissists are sometimes called fellow narcissists. Narcissists, with their ability to get others to "buy into their vision" and help them make it happen, seek and attract partners who will put the needs of others before themselves. Credentials can provide a narcissist with a devout and caring audience - the perfect backdrop for a selfish narcissist. Among mutually interchangeable interactions is the narcissist's intense need to experience an important and special need as well as someone who relies heavily on others to help others feel that way.

Individual dependent and/or impulser and codependent

• Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
• Obsessive-compulsive (OCD)
• The condition of bipolar disorder mania
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Dysfunctional family

In dysfunctional families, children learn to adjust to the needs and feelings of parents rather than the other way around. Parenting is a role that requires a certain amount of self-sacrifice and gives children a high priority requirement. Parents can, however, be codependent to their own children if the sacrifice or sacrifice of parents reaches an unhealthy or destructive level. Generally, parents who take care of their own needs (emotionally and physically) in a healthy way will be better caregivers, whereas codependent parents may be less effective, or even harm a child. Codependent relationships often manifest through enabling behavior, especially between parents and their children. Another way to look at it is that the baby's needs are necessary but temporary, whereas the need for codependent is constant. Children of natural parents who neglect or negate their own feelings can be codependent.

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Recovery and prognosis

Not all mental health experts agree on standard treatment methods. Caring for an individual with physical addiction does not have to treat a pathology. Carers may only require assertiveness skills and the ability to place responsibility for addiction on the other. There are various recovery paths for individuals struggling with codependency. For example, some may choose cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, sometimes accompanied by chemical therapy for the accompanying depression. There are also support groups for codependency, such as Co-Dependents Anonymous (CoDA), Al-Anon/Alateen, Nar-Anon, and Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACoA), which are based on a twelve-step model program of Alcoholics Anonymous and Celebrate Recovery groups Christian, based on the Bible. Many self-help guides have been written about codependency issues.

Sometimes an individual can, in an attempt to recover from codependency, change from being too passive or overly giving to being overly aggressive or overly selfish. Many therapists maintain that finding balance through healthy firmness (which leaves room for being caring and also involved in healthy caring behavior) is a true recovery of codependency and being extremely selfish, confusing, or conflict-addicted. Developing a permanent establishment into a victim (having a victim mentality) is also not a true restoration of codependency and can be another example to go from one extreme to another. Victim mentality can also be seen as part of a genuine person's codependency situation (lack of empowerment causes a person to feel like a "subject" event rather than as an empowered actor). A person fully recovered from codependency will feel empowered and like a writer of life and their actions rather than being under external authority. Victim mentality can also occur in combination with the problem of passive-aggressive control. From a perspective moving beyond the victims, the ability to forgive and release (with the exception of very severe cases of abuse) can also be a sign of tangible recovery from codependency, but a willingness to withstand further harassment will not occur.

Unresolved sovereignty patterns can lead to more serious problems such as alcoholism, drug addiction, eating disorders, sex addiction, psychosomatic illness, and self-destructive or self-destructive behavior. People with codependency are also more likely to attract further harassment from aggressive individuals, more likely to remain in employment or stressful relationships, less likely to seek medical attention when needed and also tend to get no promotion and tend to earn less money not a pattern of independence. For some people, social insecurity caused by independence can develop into a social anxiety disorder full of social phobia, distracting personality disorder or painful shame. Other stress related disorders such as panic disorder, depression or PTSD may also be present.

Failed proposal to be included in DSM

Timmen Cermak, M.D., proposed that co-dependency was listed as a personality disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987). Cermak reasoned that when certain personality traits become excessive and maladaptive and cause significant damage in function or cause significant difficulties, it ensures the diagnosis of personality disorder.

Cermak proposes the following criteria for this disorder:

1. The ongoing investment of self-esteem in the ability to control oneself and others in the face of serious adverse consequences.
2. Assume responsibility for meeting the needs of others by excluding their own acknowledgment.
3. Anxiety and distortion of boundaries around intimacy and separation.
4. Delays in relationships with irregular, chemically dependent personalities, dependent individual relationships, and/or impulses - disorder.
5. Three or more of the following:
   1. Excessive dependency on rejection
   2. Narrowing emotions (with or without dramatic explosions)
   3. Depression
   4. Hypervigilance
   5. Compulsions
   6. Anxiety
   7. Substance abuse
   8. Has been (or) a victim of repeated physical or sexual abuse
   9. Stress related medical illness
   10. Stay in the primary relationship with active substance users for at least two years without seeking outside help.

Controversy

Some scholars believe that codependency is not a negative trait, and need not be treated, as it is more likely that a healthy personality trait is taken excessively. Dependence on nonclinical populations has some association with beneficial characteristics of family functions. Stan Katz stated that codependency is too undiagnosed, and that many people who can be helped with short-term treatment instead become dependent on long-term self-help programs. The language, symptoms, and treatment for codependency come from a medical model that shows the disease process underlying the behavior. However, there is no evidence that codependency is caused by disease processes.

In their book, "Attached." Amir Levine and Rachel S. F. Heller discuss what they call "codependency myths" by asserting that the attachment theory is a more scientific model and helps to understand and deal with adult attachment.

See also

References

Further reading

• Cermak MD, Timmen L., Diagnosing and Treating Dependence: A Guide for Professionals Working with Chemical, Couples and Children (Professional Series) Spreads , 1998, Hazelden Publishing , Minnesota, ISBNÃ, 978-0935908329
• CoDA, Co-Dependents Anonymous , 1997, CoDA Resource Publishing, Phoenix, ISBN 978-0964710504
• Beattie, Melody Codependent No More: How To Stop Controlling Others and Start Caring for Yourself , 1986, Hazelden, Minnesota, ISBNÃ, 978-0894864025
• Whitfield MD, Charles L., Healing Children in Discovery and Recovery for Adult Children from Dysfunctional Families , 1987, Health Communication, Inc., Florida, ISBN 978-0932194404
• Lancer, Darlene, Conquering Shame and Credential: 8 Steps to Release You Right , 2014, Hazelden, Minnesota, ISBNÃ, 1616495332

External links

• Codependency support: common in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
• Support codependency: co-alcohol in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
• Codependency support: borderline personality disorder in Curlie (based on DMOZ)

Source of the article : Wikipedia