Behavioral addiction is a form of addiction involving the necessity to engage in behavior unrelated to drugs - sometimes referred to as natural rewards - despite negative consequences physical, mental, social or financial health of a person. Gene transcription factor known as? FosB has been identified as a necessary general factor involved in behavioral and drug addiction, which is associated with a series of similar neural adaptations in the reward system.
Video Behavioral addiction
Psychiatric and medical classifications
The current diagnostic model does not include the criteria necessary to identify behavior as addiction in a clinical setting. Behavioral addiction has been suggested as a new class in DSM-5, but the only category that includes gambling addiction. Internet game addiction is included in the appendix as a condition for further study.
Behavioral addictions, sometimes referred to as impulse control disorders, are increasingly known as treatable forms of addiction. Excessive types of behavior identified as addicted include gambling, food, sexual intercourse, pornography use, computer use, video game play, internet use, sports, and shopping.
Researching food addiction, for example, a 2009 Scripps Research Institute study found evidence that the same molecular mechanisms correlated with human drug addiction also exists in compulsive overeating in obese mice. Dopamine D 2 receptors studied were associated with susceptibility to drug addiction in humans. Found lowering regulation in obese mice exposed to high-fat diets, and further reduction of receptors increases compulsive feeding. Receptor D 2 responds to dopamine, the central neurotransmitter released to anticipate a satisfying, satisfying experience such as involving food, sex, or psychoactive drugs.
In August 2011, the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) issued a public statement defining all addictions in terms of brain changes. "Addiction is a chronic disease, the main of the brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuits."
The following quote is taken from the organization FAQ:
The new definition of ACAM makes the departure of equating addiction only with substance dependence, by explaining how addiction is also linked to useful behavior. This is the first time ACAM takes the official position that addiction is not solely "substance dependence." This definition says that addiction is about brain function and circuits and how the structure and function of an addicted person's brain differs from the structure and function of an addictive person's brain. It talks about reward circuits in the brain and related circuits, but the emphasis is not on the external rewards acting on the reward system. Food behavior and sexual behavior and gambling can be attributed to the "pathological rewards pursuit" described in the definition of this new addiction.
We all have brain award circuits that make food and reward sex. In fact, this is a survival mechanism. In a healthy brain, this award has a feedback mechanism to be satisfied or 'adequate.' In someone with an addiction, the circuit becomes dysfunctional so the message to the individual becomes 'more', leading to pursuit of reward and/or pathological assistance through the use of substances and behavior. So, anyone who is addicted is susceptible to food addiction and sex.
Since ASAM released its statement, and shortly before release, additional new studies have come out on Internet addiction. They reveal the same basic brain changes seen in other drug addicts. Another study in 2011 found that the risk of internet addiction in men about three times more than women. The researchers noted,
Internet addiction is a psychosocial disorder and its characteristics are as follows: tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, affective disorders, and problems in social relationships. The use of the internet creates psychological, social, school and/or work difficulties in one's life. Eighteen percent of study participants are considered pathological Internet users, who overuse the Internet causing academic, social, and interpersonal problems. Excessive use of the Internet can create high levels of psychological excitement, resulting in little sleep, long-term eating failure, and limited physical activity, possibly causing the user to experience physical and mental health problems such as depression, OCD, low family relationships and anxiety.
Maps Behavioral addiction
Treatment
Behavioral addiction is a treatable condition. Treatment options include psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy (ie, drugs) or a combination of both. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most common form of psychotherapy used in treating behavioral addiction; focuses on identifying patterns that trigger compulsive behavior and making lifestyle changes to promote healthier behavior. Currently, no drug is approved for the treatment of behavioral addiction in general, but some drugs used for the treatment of drug addiction can also be useful with certain behavioral addictions. Any unrelated psychiatric disorders must remain in control, and be distinguished from contributing factors that cause addiction.
Prognosis
Research
Another growing area is social media addiction. Psychological researchers surveyed 253 undergraduate students at the University of Albany and found that not only social media (especially Facebook) itself is potentially addictive, those who use it are also at greater risk for substance abuse.
Biomolecular mechanism
Fosb, the gene transcription factor, has been identified as playing an important role in the development of addictive states in both drug addiction and addiction addiction. Excessive expression? Fosb in the nucleus accumbens is necessary and sufficient for many of the nerve adaptations seen in drug addiction; it has been implicated in alcohol addiction, cannabinoids, cocaine, nicotine, phenylcyclidine, and substituted amphetamines and addictive natural rewards such as sex, exercise, and food. A recent study also shows cross-sensitization between a medicinal gift (amphetamine) and a natural (sex) award mediated by Fosb.
Besides the increase? Fosb expression in nucleus accumbens, there are many other correlations in neurobiology of behavioral addiction with drug addiction.
One of the most important addictions invention is drug-based reinforcement and, even more importantly, a gift-based learning process. Some brain structures are important in the process of conditioning behavioral addiction; this subcortical structure forms a brain region known as a reward system. One of the main areas of study is the amygdala, a brain structure involving emotional significance and related learning. Research shows that dopaminergic projection of the ventral tegmental area facilitates motivational associations or learns for specific behaviors. Dopamine neurons play a role in learning and retain many of the behaviors that are acquired. Special studies for Parkinson's disease have led to the identification of the intracellular signaling pathway underlying the direct action of dopamine. The most common dopamine mechanism is to create addictive properties along with certain behaviors. There are three stages to the dopamine reward system: dopamine bursts, behavioral triggers, and further impact on behavior. After an electronic signal, perhaps through behavior, the dopamine neuron emits a 'blowout' element to stimulate an area along a fast transmission path. Behavioral responses then perpetuate striated neurons to send further stimuli. Rapid firing of dopamine neurons can be monitored over time by evaluating the amount of extracellular concentrations of dopamine through micro-dialysis and brain imaging. This monitoring can lead to a model where people can see the number of triggers over a period of time. Once the behavior is triggered, it is difficult to work away from the dopamine reward system.
Gambling-like behavior has been linked to new ideas found about the capacity of the brain to anticipate rewards. The reward system can be triggered by early detection of behavior, and triggers dopamine neurons to begin stimulating behavior. But in some cases, this can cause a lot of problems due to errors, or prize prediction errors. This error can act as a teaching signal to create complex behavioral tasks over time.
See also
- Addiction behavior
- Addictive personality
- Habit
- ANKK1 # Addictive behavior
Note
References
External links
- Valerie Voon - Impulse control disorder - behavioral addiction - insights from dopaminergic... on YouTube Technical review of neurolecular-neurobehavioral research
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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