Compulsive disruption of purchase ( CBD ), or oniomania (from Greek ????? nios "for sold "and" miscellaneous "), is characterized by an obsession with shopping and buying behavior that causes adverse consequences. According to Kellett and Bolton, compulsive purchases "are experienced as an irresistible push-out of control, resulting in excessive, time-consuming, time-consuming retail activity normally driven by negative effectiveness" and resulting in "rough social, personal and/or financial difficulties". Most people with CBD meet the criteria for personality disorder. Compulsive shopping is classified by ICD-10 (F63.8) as "impulse control impairment, not classified". Some authors regard compulsive shopping as a variation of dependency disorder. [1]
Video Compulsive buying disorder
History
Emil Kraepelin originally described oniomania over a century ago, and he and Bleuler [1924] both incorporated this syndrome in influential early psychiatric textbooks. However, little interest was taken in the CBD until the 1990s, and even in compulsive shopping of the 21st century it could be regarded as a virtually unknown mental illness.
Maps Compulsive buying disorder
Characteristics
CBDs are often comorbid with mood, anxiety, substance abuse and eating disorders. People who score high on compulsive buying scales tend to understand their feelings poorly and have low tolerance for uncomfortable psychological states like bad moods. The onset of CBD occurs in late teens and early twenties and is generally chronic. CBD is similar to, but different from, OCD hoards and mania. Compulsive purchases are not limited to people who spend more than they can afford; it also includes people who spend a lot of time shopping or who are chronically thinking about buying something but never buying it. Promising treatments for CBD include drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and support groups such as Debtors Anonymous.
Distinctions
Compulsive shopping terms, compulsive purchases, and compulsive shopping are often used interchangeably, but the behaviors they represent are actually different. (Nataraajan and Goff 1992) People can buy without shopping, and of course shop without buying: from compulsive buyers, about 30% describes the act of buying itself as providing buzz, regardless of purchased items.
Cause
CBDs often have roots in the initial experience. Perfectionism, general impulsiveness and compulsivity, and the need to gain control have also been linked to the disorder.
Compulsive purchases seem to represent self-seeking in people whose identity is not strong and unreliable, as indicated by purchases that often provide a marker of social or personal identity. Those with associated disorders such as anxiety, depression and poor impulse control are very likely to try to treat symptoms of low self-esteem through compulsive shopping.
Others, however, objections that such psychological explanations for compulsive buying do not apply to everyone with the CBD.
Social conditions also play an important role in oniomania, the emergence of a consumer culture contributing to the view of compulsive buying as a postmodern addiction.
Credit cards available allow regular expenses beyond one's ability, and some will suggest that compulsive buyers should lock or destroy credit cards altogether. Online shopping also facilitates oniomania, with an online auction addiction, used to avoid feelings of depression or guilt, becomes a recognizable problem.
What distinguishes the oniomania from healthy shopping is the compulsive, destructive and chronic nature of purchases. Where shopping can be a positive route to self-expression is more than a dangerous threat.
Materialism and image search
A social psychological perspective suggests that compulsive purchases can be seen as an exaggerated form of a more normal validation search through purchases. Also, the pressure from the spread of materialist values ​​and consumer culture over the last few decades may push people into compulsive shopping.
In a global context in which we are all encouraged to "shop till we fall" - compulsive spending inevitably leads to further questioning, "The pathology of minorities or mass problems?". With ads offering not so many products as narratives (success, glamor) to be identified, compulsive purchases may appear to be just the extreme aspect of what the consumer culture demands of us all.
Symptoms and of course
Diagnostic criteria for compulsive purchases have been proposed: 1. Too busy with purchases; 2. distress or disruption as a result of such activity; 3. Compulsive purchases are not limited to hypomanic or bead episodes.
Although initially triggered by a need that may be mild to feel special, the failure of compulsive spending to actually meet those needs can lead to a demonic escalation cycle, with sufferers experiencing tides associated with other addictions. A 'high' purchase can be followed by a sense of disappointment, and a sense of guilt, which speeds up the impulse buying cycle. With people who are now addicted to increasingly feel negative emotions such as anger and stress, they may try to self-medicate through further purchases, followed by regret or depression once they return home-which causes a boost for pleasure again.
As debt grows, compulsive spending can become more secretive. At the point where purchased items are hidden or destroyed, because the person feels very ashamed of their addiction, the price of addiction in terms of mental, financial and emotional becomes higher.
Consequences
The consequences of oniomania, which can last long after spree, can be devastating, with marriage, long-term relationships, and jobs all feel the tension. Further problems may include a history of corrupt credit, theft or money contamination, loan default, general financial problems and in some cases of extreme bankruptcy or debt, as well as anxiety and a sense of life that spins out of control. The resulting stress can cause physical health problems and damage relationships, or even suicide.
Treatment
Treatment involves becoming aware of addiction through learning, therapy, group work, etc... Research conducted by Michel Lejoyeux and Aviv Weinstein shows that the best treatment for CB is through cognitive behavioral therapy. They suggest that a patient is first "evaluated for psychiatric comorbidities, especially with depression, so appropriate pharmacological treatment may be institutionalized." Their study showed that patients who received cognitive behavioral therapy for 10 weeks had reduced the episodes of compulsive buying and spent less time spending than patients who did not receive this treatment (251).
Lejoyeux and Weinstein also wrote about pharmacological treatments and studies that questioned the use of drugs in CB. They stated "Some controlled studies have assessed the effects of pharmacological treatment on compulsive purchases, and none showed effective drugs" (252). The most effective treatment is to attend therapy and group work to prevent the continuation of this addiction.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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