Christian Dior SE ( French pronunciation: Ã, [k? is.tj ?? dj :: ?] ), commonly known as Dior , is a European luxury goods company controlled and chaired by French businessman Bernard Arnault, who also heads LVMH - the largest luxury group in the world. Dior alone holds 42.36% of the shares and 59.01% of the voting rights in LVMH.
Founded in 1948 by eponymous designer Christian Dior, today the company designs and retails ready-made clothing, leather goods, fashion accessories, footwear, jewelry, watches, perfumes, makeup and skincare products while also maintaining its traditions as a creator recognized haute-couture (under the division Christian Dior Couture ). While Christian Dior's labels are mostly fixed for women's offerings, the company also operates the Dior Homme division for men and baby dior labels for children's clothing. Products sold throughout its portfolio from retail stores around the world, as well as through its online store.
Video Christian Dior SE
Histori
Pendirian
House of Dior was founded on December 16, 1946 in a "private home" at 30 Avenue Montaigne Paris B. However, the Dior company is currently celebrating "1947" as the opening year. Dior is financially supported by wealthy businessman Marcel Boussac. Boussac originally invited Dior to design for Philippe et Gaston, but Dior refused, hoping to make a new start by his own name rather than reviving the old brand. The new couture house is part of a "vertically integrated textile business" that has been operated by Boussac. Its capital is at FFr 6 million and labor in 80 employees. The company is really a vanity project for Boussac and is a "major affiliate of Boussac Saint-Freres SA." However, Dior was allowed an unusually large share of his name tag "(legal leadership, non-controlling stake in the company, and one-third of profit before tax ) despite Boussac's reputation as a "control freak". Dior's creativity also negotiates a good salary.
"New View"
On February 12, 1947, Dior launched his first fashion collection for Spring-Summer 1947. The show's first 90 collection models on six mannequins were presented at company headquarters salons at 30 Avenue Montaigne. Initially, the two lines were named "Corolle" and "Huit". However, the new collection falls in fashion history as " New Views " after editor-in-chief of Harper's Bazaar Carmel Snow cries out, "It's like a new look!" The New Look is a revolutionary era for women in their forties. When the collection was presented, the editor-in-chief also showed appreciation by saying; "This is quite a revolution, a good Christian!" The Christian Dior inaugural collection is credited with reviving the French fashion industry. At the same time, New Look brings back the spirit of haute couture in France because it is considered glamorous and looks young. "We are witnessing revolutions in fashion and revolution in fashion shows as well." The silhouette is characterized by a small twisted waist and full skirt that falls below the length of the mid-calf, which emphasizes the breasts and hips, as exemplified by the 'Bar' suit of the first collection. The collection as a whole exhibits feminine designs that are more stereotypical than the wartime popular modes, with full skirts, stiff waists, and soft shoulders. Dior retained some masculine aspects as they continued to gain popularity through the early 1940s, but he also wanted to include a more feminine style.
The New Look became very popular, a full skirt silhouette that influenced other fashion designers until the 1950s, and Dior gained a number of prominent clients from Hollywood, the United States, and the European aristocracy. As a result, Paris, who had fallen from her position as the fashion capital of the world after World War II, regained her lead. The New Look was welcomed in Western Europe as a refreshing antidote for wartime uniform savings and de-feminization, and embraced by stylish women such as Princess Margaret in England. According to Harold Koda, Dior praised Charles James by inspiring The New Look. Dior's design of the "New Look" not only affected the designers in the 1950s, but there are still some new designers we know from now on in the 2000s, including Thom Browne, Miuccia Prada, and Vivienne Westwood. Dior's evening gowns from that time are still being referred by many designers, and they have been spotted on different wedding-themed catwalks with several layers of fabric building under a small waist (Jojo, 2011). Examples include Fall/Winter 2011 Ready-to-Use from Vivienne Westwood and 2011 Fall/Winter Ready from Alexander McQueen (Jojo, 2011).
However, not everyone is happy with the New Views. Some people consider the amount of material to be wasteful, especially after years of fabric rationing. Feminists are particularly angry, feeling that the corset design is restrictive and regressive, and that they take women's liberties. Fellow designer Coco Chanel commented, "Only a man who is never intimate with a woman can design something uncomfortable." Despite such protests, New Look is very influential, continuing to inform the work of other designers and fashion well into the 21st century. For the 60th anniversary of the New Look in 2007, John Galliano revisited for his Spring-of-Season collection for Dior. Galliano uses a wasp waist and round shoulder, modernized and updated with references to origami and other Japanese influences. In 2012, Raf Simons revisited New Look for his first haute couture collection for Dior, who wants to update his ideas for the 21st century in a minimalist but also sensual and sexy way. Simons's work for Dior retains fancy fabrics and silhouettes, but encourages self-esteem for women's bodies and freedom of expression. The design process for this collection, produced in just eight weeks, is documented in Dior and I, presenting the use of technology by Simons and modernist reinterpretation.
Christian Dior's "New Look" was an international success in the late 1940s. The design looks elegant, which no one has ever seen before. She wants to make a woman as elegant and graceful as she may show her. He brought femininity to the extreme, which completely overthrew fashion from the 1920s and 1930s. After the launch of its collection, Christian Dior became one of the most famous people in the fashion world. The most important part is that they can be used successfully by women with all body shapes.
Dior never lost an elegant look, even after Christian Dior died, the brand retained the notion of elegance and high-class appearance. It always brings the beauty of women and shows it around the world by wearing designs. One of the most important parts of the design is that it fully exposes women's curves to make it as feminine as possible, and no matter what the shape of the body, it can always match the perfectly designed curves.
Dior Parfums
The available references clashed with themselves whether Christian Dior Parfums was founded in 1947 or 1948. The Dior Company noted the founding of Christian Dior Parfums in 1947, with the launch of its first perfume, Miss Dior . Dior revolutionized the fragrance industry with the launch of the highly popular Miss Dior perfume, named after Catherine Dior (Christian Dior's sister). Christian Dior Ltd. owns 25%, coty perfume manager holds 35%, and Boussac owns 40% of perfume business, led by Serge Heftler Louiche. Pierre Cardin was appointed head of the Dior workshop from 1947 to 1950. In 1948, the Christian Dior Parfums branch in New York City was founded - this could be the cause of the problem of establishment date. The modern Dior company also noted that "ready-made luxury homes were set up in New York at the corner of 5th Avenue and 57th Street, the first of its kind," in 1948. In 1949, the perfume "Diorama" was released and in 1949, the New Look line alone generating a profit of FFr 12.7 million.
Dior expansion and death
The expansion of France began at the end of 1949 with the opening of the Christian Dior boutique in New York City. At the end of the year, Dior mode becomes 75% of Paris fashion exports and 5% of France's total export earnings.
In 1949, Douglas Cox from Melbourne, Australia, traveled to Paris to meet with Christian Dior to discuss the possibility of having Dior pieces made for the Australian market. Christian Dior and Douglas Cox signed a contract for Dior to produce original design and for Douglas Cox to make it in his Flinders Lane workshop. A young Jill Walker, still in his teens, is one of many workers for Douglas Cox, a couture label that now makes headlines in Australian newspapers almost daily. Jill will form a couture heritage in Melbourne with popular labels such as Jinoel and Marti with husband Noel Kemelfield. The deal between Dior and Douglas Cox really put Australia's tailor on the global stage, but in the end the Dior 60 model proved too superior to conservative Australian tastes. Douglas Cox was unable to continue his contract in the off-season single of 1949 making this Dior-Cox couture some of the rarest collector items in Australian couture.
In 1950, Jacques RouÃÆ'Â tt, general manager of Dior Ltd, designed a licensing program to place the name "Christian Dior" which is now famous for a variety of luxury goods. It was placed first on a tie and immediately applied to socks, feathers, hats, gloves, bags, jewelry, underwear, and scarves. The French Chamber of Couture denounced him as a condescending act for haute-couture images. Nevertheless, licensing became a profitable step and began a trend to continue "over the next few decades", which followed all the couture houses.
Also in 1950, Christian Dior was the exclusive designer of Marlene Dietrich dress in the film Alfred Hitchcock Stage Fright . In 1951, Dior released his first book, Je Suis Couturier ( I am a Couturier ) through the publisher Editions du Conquistador. Despite the following strong European companies, more than half of its revenue is generated in the United States at the moment. Christian Dior Models Limited was created in London in 1952. The agreement was made between the Sydney House of Youth label for the New York Christian Dior model. Los Gobelinos in Santiago, Chile, made an arrangement with Dior for Christian Dior Paris Haute Couture. The first Dior shoe line was launched in 1953 with the help of Roger Vivier. The company operated well-established locations in Mexico, Cuba, Canada, and Italy at the end of 1953. As the popularity of Dior goods increased, so did counterfeiting. This illegal business is supported by women who can not afford luxury.
In the mid-1950s, the House of Dior operated a respected fashion kingdom. The first Dior Boutique was founded in 1954 at 9 Counduit Street. In honor of Princess Margaret and Duchess of Marlborough, a Dior fashion show was held at the Blemhein Palace in 1954 as well. Christian Dior launched a more successful line of fashion between 1954 and 1957. However, nothing approaches the profound effect of New Look. Dior opened the Boutique Grande on the corner between Avenue Montaigne and Rue FranÃÆ'§ois Ier in 1955. The first Dior lipstick was also released in 1955. 100,000 clothes were sold on the company's 10th birthday in 1956. Actress Ava Gardner has 14 dresses made for him in 1956 by Christian Dior for the movie Mark Robson The Little Hut .
Christian Dior appeared on the cover of TIME dated March 4, 1957. The designer soon died of a third heart attack in 1957. The captivating impact of Dior's creative genius earned him recognition as one of the greatest modes of history. numbers. Kevin Almond for Contemporary Fashion writes that "by the time Dior died, his name became synonymous with taste and luxury."
Dior without Christian Dior: 1957 to 1970s
The chief designer's death left the House of Dior in chaos, and general manager Jacques Rouà © considered a deadly operation worldwide. This possibility is not well received by Dior licenses and the French fashion industry; Maison Dior is too important for the financial stability of the industry to allow such an action. To bring the label back to his feet, RouÃÆ' tt promoted the 21-year-old Yves Saint-Laurent to Artistic Director in the same year. Laurent had joined the House family in 1955 after being selected by the original designer himself for the first and only Assistant Head position. Laurent initially proved to be the most appropriate choice after the debut of his first collection for Dior (the mention of Dior from the present refers to the company) in 1958. His clothes are made very thoroughly and are highly proportioned as Dior in the same beautiful fabric , but their young designers make them softer, lighter and easier to wear. Saint Laurent was hailed as a national hero. Encouraged by its success, its design became bolder, reaching its peak in the 1960 Beat Look that was inspired by existentialists in the Saint-Germain des PrÃÆ'¨s cafà © s and jazz clubs. His 1960s bohemian look was heavily criticized, and even deeper into the Women's Wear Daily . Marcel Boussac was furious, and in the spring, when Saint Laurent was summoned to join the French army - forcing him to leave the House of Dior - Dior's management did not object. Saint-Laurent left after the completion of six Dior collections.
Laurent was replaced by Dior by designer Marc Bohan in the late 1960s. Bohan instilled his conservative style on the collection. He is credited by Rebecca Arnold as the man who keeps the Dior label "on the fashion front line while still producing elegant and wearable clothing," and Women's Wear Daily, not surprisingly, claims that he "saved the company." The Bohan design is highly regarded by prominent social figures. Actress Elizabeth Taylor ordered twelve Dior outfits from the 1961 Spring-Summer Bohan collection featuring "Slim Look". Dior Perfume "Diorling" was released in 1963 and the men's fragrance "Eau Sauvage" was released in 1966. Bohan's assistant Philippe GuibourgÃÆ'  © launched the first French ready-made collection "Miss Dior" in 1967. It should not be confused with the Ready-to store -Wear New York that was founded in 1948. Designed by Bohan, "Baby Dior" opened its first boutique in 1967 on 28th Avenue Montaigne. The Christian Coordinate Knit Dior line was released in 1968 and the management of the Christian Dior Fur Mode Department was taken by Frà © dor Castet. This year also, Dior Parfums is sold to MoÃÆ' tt-Hennessy (which itself becomes LVMH) due to the ill-sourced Boussac textile company (which is still the owner of Dior). However, this has no effect on the operation of the House of Dior, so the Christian Dior Cosmetics business was born in 1969 with the creation of an exclusive lane.
After this, Bohan launched the first Christian Dior Homme clothing line in 1970. The new Dior Boutique in Parly II was decorated by Gae Aulenti and the perfume "Diorella" was released in 1972. Christian Dior Ready-to -Wear Fur Collection was created in France in 1973, and subsequently produced under license in the United States, Canada, and Japan. Dior's first "Black Moon" watch was released in 1975 in collaboration with Benedom, the license holder. Dior haute-couture adorns the bodies of Princess Grace of Monaco, Nicaragua First Lady Hope Portocarrero, Princess of Alexandria from Yugoslavia, and Lady Pamela Hicks (Lord Mountbatten of younger Burmese princess) for the marriage of HRH Prince Wales and Lady Diana Spencer. In 1978, the Boussac Group filed for bankruptcy so that its assets (including Christian Dior's) were bought by Willot Group on the permission of the Paris Trade Court. Perfume "Dioressence" was released in 1979.
Arnault entrepreneur Arrival
In 1980, Dior released the men's fragrance "Jules". After the Willot Group went bankrupt in 1981, Bernard Arnault and his investment group bought it for a "franc symbol" in December 1984. Dior Perfume Poison was launched in 1985. That same year, Arnault became chairman, chief executive officer, and managing director of the company. Assuming leadership, Arnault eliminated the company's mediocre textile operations, to focus on department stores Bon MarchÃÆ'Â © and Christian Dior Couture. Operations for Christian Dior drastically changed for the better under Arnault. He repositioned as parent company Christian Dior S.A. of the Dior Couture fashion business. On the 40th anniversary of Dior's first collection, the Paris Fashion Museum dedicates an exhibition to Christian Dior. In 1988, Arnault's Christian Dior SA took a 32% equity stake into Moürn-Hennessy Louis Vuitton's share capital through its subsidiary Jacques Rober, creating what would become one of the world's leading and most influential luxury goods companies. Under the merger of this milestone, Christian Dior Couture and Christian Dior Parfums operations are once again united. Gianfranco FerrÃÆ' Â © Italy replaced Bohan as chief designer in 1989. The first non-Frenchman, FerrÃÆ' Â © left the traditional Dior association of temptation and romance, and introduced the concept and style described as "subtle, calm and restrictive." The design is headed by FerrÃÆ'Â © to Haute Couture, Haute Fourrure, Collection of Ready-to-Wear Women's Clothing, Ready-to-wear Costumes, and Women's Accessories. His first collection was awarded DÃÆ' Â © d'Or in 1989. That year, a boutique was opened in Hawaii and LVMH shares by Jacques Rober rose to 44%.
Dior boutiques were further opened in 1990 in the shopping areas of New York City, Los Angeles and upscale Tokyo. The stake in LVMH rose again, to 46%. Another collection of watches named "Bagheera" - inspired by the "Black Moon" watches - was also released in 1990. After dismissing company executives Beatrice Bongbault in December 1990, Arnault took the position until September 1991, when he put former president Bon MarchÃÆ' Â © Phillipe Vindry in the post. In 1991, Christian Dior was listed in the spot market and then in the Paris Stock Exchange monthly market, and the "Dune" perfume was launched. Vindry dropped the ready-made price by 10%. However, the wool suit from Dior will come with a USD 1,500 price tag. The 1990 revenue for Dior was USD 129.3 million, with a net profit of $ 22 million. Dior is now rearranged into three categories: 1) women's ready-to-wear, underwear, and children's clothing 2) accessories and jewelry 3) menswear. Franchise licenses and boutiques begin to be reduced, to improve enterprise control over brand products. Licenses were in fact reduced by almost half because Arnault and Vindry voted "for quality and exclusivity over quantity and accessibility." All of the company's boutiques are now open in Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Cannes, and Waikiki, adding to its core stores located in New York City, Hawaii, Paris and Geneva. It has the potential to increase direct sales and profit margins while maintaining a high profile location. "In 1992, Dior Homme was placed under the artistic direction of Patrick Lavoix, and the" Miss Dior "perfume was relaunched, Francois Baufume replaced Vindry in 1993. and continued to reduce the license of the Dior name.
The production of Dior Haute Couture was turned into a subsidiary named Christian Dior Couture in 1995. Also, the "La Parisienne" clock model was released - embodied in the "Parisian Chic" watch. In that year, revenue for the label rose to USD 177 million, with net income of USD 26.9 million. Under the influence of Anna Wintour, editor and head of Vogue, CEO Arnault appointed British designer John Galliano to replace Gianfranco FerrÃÆ'Â © in 1997 (Galliano on CBS News: "without Anna Wintour I certainly will not be at Dior's house"). This English designer's choice, again, not the French one, is said to have "ruffled some French feathers". Arnault himself states that he "prefers the French", but "the talent has no citizenship". He even compared Galliano to Christian Dior himself, noting that "Galliano has a very creative talent that is very close to Christian Dior.He has a mixture of romanticism, feminism, and modernity that symbolize Monsieur Dior.In all his creations - his suit, his clothes - people find common ground with Dior's style. "Galliano sparked further interest in Dior with a rather controversial fashion show, such as" Homeless Show "(newspaper clothing and paper bags) or" S & amp; M Show ". Meanwhile, Dior's license is being further reduced by new president and CEO Sidney Toledano. On October 15, 1997, Dior's store on Avenue Montaigne reopened - it has been closed and overhauled by Peter Marino - in celebrity-filled events including Nicole Kidman, Demi Moore and Jacques Chirac. That year, Christian Dior Couture also took over thirteen boutique franchises from Kanebo Japan.
In May 1998, another Dior boutique opened in Paris. This time his shop opened its doors on Left Bank, Place Saint-Germain-des-PrÃÆ' © s. Also this year, Victoire de Castellane became the principal designer of Dior Fine Jewelery and Dior Fine Jewelery's first boutique was opened in New York City. Paris itself will witness the opening of the first Paris Dior Fine Jewelry boutique the following year, at 28 Avenue Montaigne. Perfume "J'adore" was released in 1999, and on 5 October 1999, Galliano released a ready-made Dior Spring-Summer 2000 fashion show, debuting a new Saddle bag. In the same year, Dior's long watch partner, Benedom joined the LVMH group. In 2000, Galliano's leadership expanded to Ready-use, accessories, advertising, and communications. The first campaign under his leadership was photographed by Nick Knight and featured two girls simulating sexual intercourse.
While other brands in the late 1990s, notably Gucci, have used porn chic as a destination to attract attention, Dior advertising has such an influence that porn chic becomes a trend in most fashion advertisements. Galliano sparked an escalation of pornographic advertising, culminating in the Ungaro zoofilik ad, shot by Mario Sorrenti, and Gucci ad, featuring a girl with pubic hair shaped like Gucci's signature logo. In fact, it is thought that Galliano has revolutionized Dior more through his advertising campaign through its design
On July 17, 2000, Dior Homme's main designer Patrick Lavoix was replaced by Hedi Slimane. Notable Dior releases that year are typical "Malik" watches, featuring bracelets made of "CD" links, as well as "Riva". Hedi left Dior Homme in 2007 and was replaced by Kris Van Assche.
21st century
In 2001, Dior Homme's boutique on 30 Avenue Montaigne reopened with a new "contemporary masculine concept" embedded by its designer Hedi Slimane. Slimane uses this concept in the creation of his first Dior Homme collection. Soon, Dior Homme acquired prominent male clients including Brad Pitt and Mick Jagger.
John Galliano then began releasing his own Dior watches in 2001, starting with the line "Chris 47 Aluminum", marking a new era in Dior watch design. Furthermore, the "Malice" and "Riva" watches are redesigned with precious stones to create spin off collections of "Malice Sparkling" and "Riva Sparkling". Inspired by the Spring-Summer 2002 Ready-to-Wear collection, Dior released the "Dior 66" watch, breaking many traditional feminine expectations in design.
The aroma of "Tall" man was released in 2001, followed by "Addict" perfume in 2002. The company then opened the first Dior Homme boutique in Milan on February 20, 2002. In 2002, 130 locations were fully operational. On June 3, 2002, Slimane was awarded the "International Designers of the Year" by the CFDA. Until 2002, Kanebo was a ready-made Christian Dior licensor in Japan and, when the license expired, Christian Dior could profit directly selling ready-made clothing and accessories in its own boutiques. Jam "Chris 47 Steel" was released in 2003 as a cousin of the original "Chris 47 Aluminum". Bernard Arnault, his wife, ChloÃÆ' Â «Sevigny, and Sidney Toledano witnessed the opening of Dior's flagship boutique in Omotesand? district of Tokyo on December 7, 2003. The second major Dior store opened in the upscale Ginza shopping district of Tokyo in 2004. Dior Homme's exclusive boutique opened also that year in Paris on Rue Royale, and presented the entire collection of Dior Homme. The second Dior Fine Jewelry Boutique in Paris opens at 8 Place VendÃÆ''me. Christian Dior boutique opened in Moscow after the company took over the reins of operation from its agent in Moscow.
Dior Fine Jewelry Designer Victoire de Castellane launched his own watch called "Le D de Dior" (French: "The D of Dior"). signifies the entry of Dior's watch into her Jewelery collection. These watches are designed for women but utilize many design features that are usually considered masculine. Slimane next released a watch for his Dior Homme collection called "Chiffre Rouge." These special watches include the distinctive look of Dior Homme: "The design and technology of watches fit together, to create the perfect expression of Dior Homme's artistic superiority and to increase the legitimacy of Dior clocking." De Castellane then launched a line of watches called "La Baby de Dior". The design for this line is meant to be more feminine with more of a "jewelry look."
Perfume "Miss Dior ChÃÆ'Â © rie" and the scent of "Dior Homme" was released in 2005. Galliano released the "Dior Christal" watch where he combined the steel and blue sapphire to create "creative and innovative collections." Christian Dior S.A. then celebrated the 13th anniversary of Dior Watches in 2005, and, in April of that year, his "Chiffre Rouge" collection was recognized by the World Watches and Jewelry Show in Basel, Switzerland. Also in that year, the fashion house also celebrated the 100th anniversary of designer Christian Dior's birthday. An exhibition, "Christian Dior: Man of the Century," was held at the Dior Museum in Granville, Normandy.
In 2006, the Dior clock booth was dedicated to Dior Canework. This pattern is made by Christian Dior designers and is based on Napoleon III seats used in fashion shows.
In 2007, Kris Van Assche was appointed as the new artistic director of Dior Homme. Van Assche presented his first collection at the end of that year. The 60th anniversary of the founding of Maison Dior was officially celebrated in 2007 as well.
In February 2011, the House of Dior suffered a scandal after allegations John Galliano made an anti-Semitic statement that made international headlines: the company found itself in a "public relations nightmare." Galliano was fired in March and a scheduled presentation of the 2011/12 Fall-Winter ready-made collection left without him, amid controversy, on March 4. Before starting the show, Sydney's chief executive Toledano gave a sentimental speech on Christian Dior's values ​​and offended family ties with the Holocaust. The show closed with the atelier staff out to receive applause without the presence of their artistic director. (Spring 2011-Summer 2011 presentation of the previous haute-couture was Galliano's last appearance on the Dior runway.) The company went ahead and appointed Bill Gaytten as temporary chief designer without artistic directors. Gaytten had worked under Galliano for Dior and for the label John Galliano. The first haute-couture collection (for the Fall-Winter 2011 season) under Gaytten management was presented in July and received with mainly negative reviews. Meanwhile, speculation remains for months as it is unknown who will be chosen to replace Galliano. During a 13-month period due to lacking artistic directors, Dior began undergoing subtle changes in his design because of the theatrical influence of the flaming and flamboyant Gallunga. The recently resigned Dior.com was launched in late 2011.
On January 23, 2012, Gaytten presented a second haute-couture collection (for the Spring-Summer 2012 season) for Dior and it was much better received from his first collection.
The Belgian designer, Raf Simons announced, on April 11, 2012, as the new artistic director of Christian Dior. Simons is known for its minimalist design, and this contrasts with Dior's previous dramatic design under Galliano. Furthermore, Simons looks to have emerged as a "dark horse" among the names of other designers who are considered to be high competitors. To emphasize the right choice of Simons as the right designer, the company made a comparison between Simons and original designer Christian Dior. Reportedly, Bernard Arnault and fellow executives at Dior and LVMH are interested in moving Dior from Galliano's years. Simons spends a lot of time in the Dior archives and familiarizes himself with haute-couture (since he has no previous background in the fashion field). Simons is then scheduled to debut its design in July. Meanwhile, Gaytten's spring-summer haute-couture collection is presented as the first ever Dior haute-couture show ever held in China on April 14 in Shanghai; and that is a sign of company loyalty to its presence in the Chinese market.
This event is the last presentation by Gaytten for Dior, and he remains the chief designer for the label John Galliano.
On May 3rd, the promotional film Dior: Secret Garden - Versailles was launched. It is very crowded about various sources of industry and social media as it is the look of Dior through its transition. Simons presented his first collection for the company - the haute-couture collection of the Fall Winter 2012 - on July 2nd. The main highlight of the autumn 2012 winter haute-couture exhibit, this collection is referred to by the company as a "new couture" and refers to the commencement of the new Dior through the work of Simons "which removes the slate couture [net haute couture] and starts over again." designer "makes more references to Mr. Dior than to Dior's home" with creepy pieces back to the post-World War II design theme of the Dior that was introduced into fashion. Simons, who rarely makes himself available for interviews, gives interviews published by the company through his online Dior Mag feature. While the previous runway presentation under Galliano was held at MusÃÆ' Â © e Rodin, the Simons show was held at a private residence, near the Arc de Triomphe, with an address only disclosed to select top clients, celebrities, journalists and other personnel exclusively. invited in secret affairs. The high profile figures present included Azzedine AlaÃÆ'¯a designers, Pierre Cardin, Alber Elbaz (designer Lanvin), Diane von FÃÆ'¼rstenberg, Marc Jacobs, Christopher Kane, Olivier Theyskens, Riccardo Tisci, Donatella Versace; and Princess Charlene of Monaco, actress Marion Cotillard, MÃ © lanie Laurent, Jennifer Lawrence, Sharon Stone; film producer Harvey Weinstein; and chairman of Dior Arnault with his daughter. Satellite feeds directly from this event are provided on DiorMag online and Twitter is also implemented for real-time communication. At that time, it was also known that the company had bought the Paris Maison Vermont embroidery company in early 2012.
In March 2015 it was announced that Rihanna was chosen as the official spokesman for Dior; this made him the first black woman to take a spokesperson position at Dior. By 2015, Israeli model Sofia Mechetner is chosen to be Dior's new face.
In April 2016, a new Dior boutique opened in San Francisco, with a party hosted by Jaime King.
In 2017, Dior renovated and expanded his shop in Madrid. The brand celebrates the opening of a new boutique in a masked ball attended by a number of Spanish celebrities such as Alejandro GÃÆ'³mez Palomo.
Celebrity Ambassadors
Dior has created a strong partnership with Hollywood celebrities and social media influencers, working with these individuals to achieve more demographics and rebuild its identity as a new modern brand, despite the fact that it has been around for quite some time. This has enabled the brand to depict a more populist image and attract a wider audience. This brand has worked with and dressing contemporary style icons such as Lupita Nyong'o and Emma Watson, which may resonate with millennials. Dior has effectively implemented social media into their marketing communications strategy, where images and videos of campaigns are shared on both official Dior profiles, and on the social media page of celebrity ambassadors.
An example of this success is seen in Secret Garden's campaign featuring Rihanna. In this campaign, Rihanna is seen dancing with a song from her album ( Only If For Night ) through the mirror hall. Associated with Rihanna's song, the company creates a sense of association with its brand, which benefits the company as it is ranked as the top-selling celebrity in 2016. While its reach is not entirely in line with Dior's audience targets, collaborating with people like Rihanna allows companies to engage more many markets, because Rihanna's social media follows four times larger than the fashion house.
Here are some celebrity ambassadors who have outperformed the Dior campaign:
- Isabelle Adjani: Poison perfume (1985-1990s)
- Carla Bruni: Dior's female bag (1996)
- Milla Jovovich: Perfume Hypnotic Poison (1999-2000)
- Charlize Theron: Perfume J'Adore Dior (2004-present)
- Sharon Stone: Takes skin care (2005-present)
- Monica Bellucci: Dior cosmetics (2006-2010), Lady Dior handbag (2006-2007), Perfume Hypnosis Poison (2009-2010)
- Eva Green: Perfume Midnight Poison (2007-2008)
- Marion Cotillard: Dior lady bag (2008-present), Miss Dior's handbag (2011)
- Jude Law: Dior Homme fragance (2008-2012)
- Natalie Portman: Miss Dior fragrance, Dior cosmetics (2010-present)
- MÃÆ'Â © lanie Laurent: Perfume Hypnotic Poison (2011-present)
- Mila Kunis: Miss Dior's handbag (2012)
- Jennifer Lawrence: Miss Dior Handbags (2012-present)
- Rihanna: Dior bag, J'adore Dior perfume, Dior sunglasses (2015-present)
Maps Christian Dior SE
Critique
Christian Dior, along with others in the fashion industry and industry culture as a whole, was criticized by Inga Radziejewski's fashion model for promoting anorexia nervosa and unrealistic body image in women, by designing so small a clothing that the anorexic model can not enter. to them even when she is very skinny.
The Galliano collection inspired by homeless people also attracted a lot of criticism, but also attention, to Dior's home.
The Spring Collection of 2017 also caused a lot of controversy as it later revealed that many pieces are actually an exact replica of the traditional Romanian costume. Rejection Dior and Maria Grazia Chiuri, the principal designer, to recognize cultural appropriation, leads to online campaigns under the #give hashtag credits.
Galliano Controversy
On February 23, 2011, a scandal arose when John Galliano was accused of making anti-semitic comments after a drunken stoppage in Paris. The tapes released from the designer under the influence of alcohol say "I love Hitler" and "People like you will die today, your mother, your ancestors will be gassed and die" to a Jewish woman. He was later accused of molesting a gallery curator the same night and verbally insulting him and his girlfriend. Actress Natalie Portman, who recently became the new face of Miss Dior Cherie's perfume, commented on this issue to express her disgust, stating that she would never have anything to do with her. However, another model for Dior, French actress Eva Green, underestimated the seriousness of the incident, stated: "Sometimes you can make mistakes I do not think he's anti-Semitic I'm Jewish I do not think he has anything against the Jews I think it's more because he might be a little drunk. "On February 25, Dior announced Galliano's suspension pending an investigation, arguing that the company had a" zero tolerance "policy against anti-Semitism. In France, it is against the law to make anti-semitic statements of this nature, and can be punished up to six months in prison.
On March 1, 2011, Christian Dior officially announced that they had fired Galliano in the midst of controversy.
Plagiarism
In January 2018, Delhi, India-based People Tree, a garment retailer, accused Christian Dior of plagiarizing designs worn by Bollywood actress Sonam Kapoor on the January cover of Elle (India).
At the end of 2010, the only major shareholder declared in Christian Dior S.A. is Groupe Arnault SAS, the parent company of Bernard Arnault. Group control of 69.96% shares of Dior and 82.86% of voting rights. The remaining shares are considered free float.
Christian Dior S.A. holds 42.36% of LVMH shares and 59.01% of voting rights at the end of 2010. Arnault holds an additional 5.28% stake and 4.65% of the votes directly.
Creative director
- Christian Dior - 1946-1957
- Yves Saint Laurent - 1957-1960
- Marc Bohan - 1960-1989
- Gianfranco FerrÃÆ'Â © - 1989-1997
- John Galliano - 1997-2011
- Bill Gaytten - 2011-2012
- Raf Simons - 2012-2015
- Maria Grazia Chiuri - 2016-now
Retail locations
The company operates a total of 210 sites as of September 2010:
- Asia: 109
- Africa: 1 (Casablanca, Morocco)
- Caribbean: 1 (San Juan, Puerto Rico)
- Europe: 45
- Central America (Panama): 1
- Middle East: 8
- North America (Canada, Mexico and the United States): 48
- Oceania: 6
- South America (Brazil, Argentina): 4
See also
References
Further reading
- Jackson, Lesley. New View: Design in Fifties . London: Thames & amp; Hudson, 1991. ISBNÃ, 0-500-27644-7.
External links
- Official website
- Christian Dior SE - company brand and profile in Fashion Model Directory
- Christian Dior at the Digital Collection of the Chicago History Museum
- Yahoo! - Company Profile Christian Dior SA
- Dior haute couture The 60th birthday show shows reviews
- "Interactive home timetable couture and culinary biography". The Victoria and Albert Museum.
- Christian Dior , a catalog of online exhibits entirely online as PDFs from The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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