Purdue Pharma L.P. is a private pharmaceutical company owned mainly by the parties and descendants of Mortimer and Raymond Sackler. In 2007, the company paid one of the largest fines ever imposed on pharmaceutical companies for mislabeling its OxyContin product, and three executives were found guilty of criminal charges. Although the company has shifted its focus to a deterrent-abuse formulation, Purdue continues to market and sell opioids, and continues to engage in lawsuits surrounding opioid crises.
Video Purdue Pharma
Histori
Purdue Pharma is a private company founded in 1892 by doctors John Purdue Gray and George Frederick Bingham in New York, New York (USA) as Purdue Frederick Company. The company is not associated with Purdue University or its founder, John Purdue.
In 1952, the company was sold to two other doctors, Raymond and Mortimer Sackler, who moved the business to Yonkers, New York. Their older brother, Arthur Sackler, also holds a third option at Purdue Pharma, which, after his death, is sold to his brothers. In subsequent years the company opened additional offices in New Jersey and Connecticut. Its headquarters are in Stamford, Connecticut.
The company at present, Purdue Pharma L.P., was founded in 1991, and focuses on pain management medicine, calling itself "a pioneer in developing drugs to reduce pain, the main cause of human suffering". As of September 2015, the company website says it has about 1,700 people on its payroll.
In September 2015, the company announced it would acquire VM Pharma, thereby gaining access to world development and commercial rights to selective allosteric selective allergy tropomecine kinase receptor program, namely, Phase II candidate VM-902A. The deal could generate more than $ 213 million for VM Pharma.
Maps Purdue Pharma
Structure
The company's branches include Purdue Pharma L.P., The Purdue Frederick Company, Purdue Pharmaceutical Products L.P., and Purdue Products L.P. The company's manufacturing takes place in three locations: Purdue Pharmaceuticals L.P., a plant located in Wilson North Carolina, P.F. Laboratories, Inc. in Totowa, New Jersey, and Rhodes Technologies L.P., in Coventry Rhode Island. Purdue Pharma L.P. also has a research laboratory in Cranbury, New Jersey. OxyContin is currently distributed throughout the US, Canada and Mexico. The distribution takes place from P.F. Laboratory in Totowa, New Jersey.
Management
Craig Landau was appointed CEO on June 22, 2017. He joined Purdue Pharma L.P. in 1999. For fourteen years with US organizations, he has served as Chief Medical Officer and as Vice President of R & D Innovation, Clinical and Medical. In this role and as part of the Company Management Team, he and the R & D organization D is responsible for a number of health policy initiatives and product registrations in the US and other regions, including Butrans, reformulating OxyContin, Targiniq ER and Hysingla ER. In 2013, he was appointed President and CEO of Purdue Pharma (Canada).
Craig earned a B.Sc. in Physiology and Anatomy from Cornell University and M.D. from Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He completed anesthesiology residency at Yale University, with specialized training in chronic pain management, obstetric and peripheral vascular anesthesia. He is also a US Army Veteran, having ended his 14-year career in 2005.
Controversy
Purdue Pharma makes pain medications such as hydromorphone, oxycodone, fentanyl, codeine, and hydrocodone. He is widely known for the production of drugs such as MS Contin, Oxycontin, and Ryzolt. In 1972, Contin (drug controlled release system) was developed. In 1984, the release morphine formulation was extended, MS Contin was released. In 1996 the extended-release formulation of oxycodone, OxyContin was released.
The controversy behind the company came about as a result of the drugs they made and how they brought great potential for abuse by drug users and people with a history of addiction. The most frequently abused drugs that the company produces are MS Contin and OxyContin. Both can be misused by crushing, chewing, snorting, or injecting a dissolved product. This is a significant risk for the offender as it may lead to overdose and death. Drug-seeking tactics by addicts to get drugs include "doctor's shopping," who visit different doctors to get additional prescriptions and refusals to follow up with proper checks. Along with the high potential of abuse among people without a prescription, there is also a risk of physical dependence and reduced reactions or desensitization of drugs to prescribed patients. Nevertheless, a strong analgesic drug remains indispensable for patients suffering from acute pain and severe cancer.
OxyContin, introduced in 1995, is Purdue Pharma's palliative breakthrough for chronic pain. Under the marketing strategy that Arthur Sackler had pioneered decades earlier, the company aggressively pressured doctors to prescribe the drug, seducing them with a free trip to a sick-management seminar and paying a lecture. Sales soared. The drug is marketed as "smooth and sustained pain control throughout the day and throughout the night" when taken on a 12 hour schedule and has a lower potential for abuse than oxycodone released directly due to its release properties, although there is no scientific evidence to support that conclusion. In these early years, Purdue Pharma was aware of the abuse of OxyContin, including "reporting that the pill was destroyed and snorted, stolen from a pharmacy, and that some doctors were charged with prescription sales," according to the New York Times. , based on a secret Department of Justice report revealed in May 2018. More than a hundred companies internal memos between 1997 and 1999 included the words "street value," "crush," or "grunt."
In early 2000, widespread reports of abuse of OxyContin appeared. The results obtained from a proactive abuse surveillance program called Abuse, Transfer, and Addiction Supervision (RADARS) Research sponsored by Purdue Pharma L.P. Pronounced Oxycontin and hydrocodone are the most commonly abused pain medications. In 2012, the New England Journal of Medicine published a study that found that "76 percent of those seeking help for heroin addiction begin by abusing drug narcotics, especially OxyContin" and draw a direct line between Purdue's marketing of OxyContin and the subsequent heroin epidemic in OUR
In 2003, the Drug Enforcement Administration found that Purdue's "aggressive method" has "greatly aggravated the widespread abuse of OxyContin."
Investigations in 2016 Los Angeles Times report that on many people the 12 hour OxyContin schedule does not adequately control the pain, which results in withdrawal symptoms including a strong desire for the drug. Correspondents suggest that the issue gives "new insight into why so many people become addicted." Using Purdue documents and other records, they claimed that Purdue was aware of the problem even before the drug came into the market but "clung to the 12 hour warrant, partly to protect its income [due to OxyContin's market dominance and high prices - up to hundreds of dollars per bottle - depending on the 12 hour duration. "
OxyContin becomes a blockbuster drug. Purdue has increased its revenues from several billion in 2007 to US $ 31 billion by 2016. It has increased to US $ 35 billion by 2017. According to a 2017 article in The New Yorker Purdue Pharma "owned by one of the richest families in America, with a collective net worth of thirteen billion dollars. "
Purdue has been involved in acting against prescription drug abuse, in particular Oxycontin. In 2001, Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal issued a statement urging Purdue to take action regarding the abuse of Oxycontin; he notes that while Purdue looks sincere, there is little action taken outside of "cosmetic and symbolic steps." After Purdue announced plans to reformulate the drug, Blumenthal noted that this would take time and that "Purdue Pharma has a moral obligation, if not the law to take effective steps and overcome addiction and abuse even when it works to reformulate the drug."
In 2004, the West Virginia Attorney General sued Purdue for the replacement of "excessive prescription fees" paid for by the state. Saying that the patient was taking more drugs than prescribed because the drug's effects disappeared a few hours before the 12 hour schedule, the state imposed Purdue with deceptive marketing. In his decision, the court judge wrote: "The plaintiff's evidence suggests that Purdue can test the safety and efficacy of OxyContin at eight hours, and may change their label, but no." The case was never tried; Purdue agreed to settle by paying the state US $ 10 million for programs to prevent drug abuse, with all the remaining evidence under seals and secrets.
In May 2007, the company pleaded guilty to misleading the public about the risks of Oxycontin addiction and agreed to pay US $ 600 million in one of the largest pharmaceutical settlements in US history. The president of the company (Michael Friedman), top lawyer (Howard R. Udell) and former chief medical officer (Paul D. Goldenheim) plead guilty as an individual for mismanagement, criminal offenses and agreeing to pay a total of US $ 34, 5 million in fines. Friedman, Udell and Goldenheim agreed to pay US $ 19 million , US $ 8 million and US $ 7 , 5 million , respectively. In addition, three top executives were charged with crimes and sentenced to 400 hours of community service in a treatment program.
On October 4, 2007, Kentucky officials sued Purdue for widespread Oxycontin abuse in Appalachia. A lawsuit filed by Kentucky later-Attorney General Greg Stumbo and Pike District officials demanded millions as compensation. Eight years later, on December 23, 2015, Kentucky settled with Purdue for $ 24 million.
In January 2017, the city of Everett, Washington sued Purdue based on the city's cost increase from the use of oxycontin and Purdue did not intervene when they noted the strange pattern of selling their products, as per the agreement in the 2007 suit mentioned above. Such allegations include not following a legal agreement to track suspicious redundant reservations or potential use of the black market. Fake clinics made by unscrupulous doctors use homeless individuals as 'patients' to buy oxycontin, then selling to Everett residents is the factual basis of the lawsuit. The sale of drug blackmarket from Los Angeles-based legal pharmacies with distribution points at Everett is also part of the city's experience. No intervention has been made by Purdue to contact DEA for years despite knowing the excessive practices and usage and sales of their products. The lawsuit calls for reimbursement of unspecified costs related to police, housing, health care, rehabilitation, criminal justice, recreational parks and departments, and the loss of life or the quality of life of disturbed residents. city ​​directly.
In May 2018, with 16 lawsuits filed by the US and Puerto Rico states, six additional countries - Florida, Nevada, North Carolina, North Dakota, Tennessee and Texas - also filed lawsuits that impose fraudulent marketing practices. Furthermore, three other countries - California, Massachusetts and New York - have lawsuits in the works.
See also
- Richard Sackler (born March 1945) former chairman and president of Purdue Pharma
- Arthur M. Sackler
References
External links
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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